SOX11

Gene Facts

• HGNC Symbol: SOX11 (HGNC:11191)
• HGNC Name: SRY-box transcription factor 11
• Gene type: protein-coding gene
• Locus type: gene with protein product
• Previous symbols: No previous names found
• Alias symbols: No aliases found
• %HI: 20.02
• pLI: 0.09
• LOEUF: 1.15
• Cytoband: 2p25.2
• Genomic Coordinates:

  GRCh37/hg19:	chr2:5832516-5841517
  GRCh38/hg38:	chr2:5692384-5701385

• MANE Select Transcript: NM_003108.4 ENST00000322002.5
• Function: Transcription factor that acts as a transcriptional activator (PubMed:24886874, PubMed:26543203). Binds cooperatively with POU3F2/BRN2 or POU3F1/OCT6 to gene promoters, which enhances transcriptional activation (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional activator of TEAD2 by binding to its gene promoter and first intron (By similarity). Plays a redundant role with SOX4 and SOX12 in cell survival of developing tissues such as the neural tube, branchial arches and somites, thereby contributing to ... (Source: Uniprot)

Dosage Sensitivity Summary (Gene)

• Dosage ID: ISCA-27627
• ClinGen Curation ID: CCID:007920
• Curation Status: Complete
• Issue Type: Dosage Curation - Gene
• Haploinsufficiency: Sufficient Evidence for Haploinsufficiency (3)
• Triplosensitivity: No Evidence for Triplosensitivity (0)
• Last Evaluated: 03/16/2017

Haploinsufficiency (HI) Score Details

• HI Score: 3
• HI Evidence Strength: Sufficient Evidence for Haploinsufficiency

HI Disease

• intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 27

HI Evidence

• PUBMED: 18992374
  Lo-Castro et al (2009) identified a de novo 1.1 Mb deletion of SOX11 using aCGH in a 7 year old girl with intellectual disability, autism, microcephaly, dysmorphic features, strabismus, language delay, and hypotonia. Given that SOX11 was the only gene in the deletion, and no other CNVs were observed in the array, the authors propose haploinsufficiency of SOX11 as causative.
• PUBMED: 26543203
  Hempel et al (2016) characterized clinical findings of 10 unrelated individuals with SOX11 alteration and a clinical phenotype that overlaps Coffin-Siris syndrome. This study included seven individuals with deletion of SOX11 and three individuals with de novo SOX11 mutation. Individuals with deletion of 2p25.2 including SOX11 were identified through the DECIPHER collaboration. Two of the deletions were isolated to SOX11 (Cases 1 and 7), the others included other genes. Case 1 had a de novo 2.6 Mb deletion and Case 7 had a 1.2 Mb deletion. Parents were not available for follow up for Case 7. Both individuals had motor delays, speech delay, and 5th finger clinodactyly. For the remaining deletion cases, two were de novo (cases 2 and 4), one was unknown, not maternally inherited (case 3), one was paternally inherited, with reported epilepsy, ID and speech delay (case 5) and one was of unknown inheritance (case 6). Three individuals with mutation of SOX11 were identified from either the DDD study (2 patients; data freeze of 1133 children) or by exome sequencing in another large British study. One nonsense and two missense mutations were characterized, all were de novo. All mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Functional studies: In vitro functional analysis of two missense variants using a luciferase reporter assay showed stable protein expression with reduced ability to activate GDF5 reporter expression compared to wild-type. Functional analysis in vivo by morpholino knockdown in xenopus laevis showed a microcephalic phenotype in morphants relative to control morpholino-injected embryos. Based on this collection of findings, the authors propose that haploinsufficiency of SOX11 is responsible for a neurodevelopmental phenotype and microcephaly.
• PUBMED: 24886874
  Tsurusaki et al (2014) performed whole exome sequencing of patients with a diagnosis of Coffin-Siris syndrome and identified two de novo missense mutations in two unrelated individuals with features including dysmorphic facial features, microcephaly, growth deficiency, hypoplastic fifth toe nails and mild intellectual disability. The authors classified these mutations as causing a mild form of Coffin-Siris syndrome. In vitro functional studies demonstrated reduced transcriptional activity, consistent with a loss-of-function impact. The authors suggest that mutations in SOX11 are a rare cause of a milder Coffin-Siris syndrome phenotype.

• HI Evidence Comments: Deletions and mutations of SOX11 have been reported in association with a phenotype that includes growth deficiency, hypotonia/feeding difficulties, microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay (speech, motor), intellectual disability, digital anomalies (clinodactyly, nail hypoplasia and syndactyly) and ocular anomalies. A phenotypic overlap with Coffin-Siris syndrome has been noted.

Triplosensitivity (TS) Score Details

• TS Score: 0
• TS Evidence Strength: No Evidence for Triplosensitivity
• TS Evidence Comments: There is currently no literature regarding isolated duplication of SOX11. Sperry et al (2016, PMID: 26850571) describe an individual with a 6.5 Mb duplication including SOX11 with features of CHARGE syndrome.