• 3
    Haplo
    Score
  • 0
    Triplo
    Score

Gene Facts External Data Attribution

HGNC Symbol
STS (HGNC:11425) HGNC Entrez Ensembl OMIM UCSC Uniprot GeneReviews LOVD LSDB ClinVar
HGNC Name
steroid sulfatase
Gene type
protein-coding gene
Locus type
gene with protein product
Previous symbols
ARSC1
Alias symbols
ARSC
%HI
40.89(Read more about the DECIPHER Haploinsufficiency Index)
pLI
0.81(Read more about gnomAD pLI score)
LOEUF
0.44(Read more about gnomAD LOEUF score)
Cytoband
Xp22.31
Genomic Coordinates
GRCh37/hg19: chrX:7065331-7272682 NCBI Ensembl UCSC
GRCh38/hg38: chrX:7147290-7354641 NCBI Ensembl UCSC
MANE Select Transcript
NM_001320752.2 ENST00000674429.1 (Read more about MANE Select)
Function
Catalyzes the conversion of sulfated steroid precursors, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and estrone sulfate to the free steroid. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10844566, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23466819, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9252398}. (Source: Uniprot)

Dosage Sensitivity Summary (Gene)

Dosage ID:
ISCA-19327
Curation Status:
Complete
Issue Type:
Dosage Curation - Gene
Haploinsufficiency:
Sufficient Evidence for Haploinsufficiency (3)
Triplosensitivity:
No Evidence for Triplosensitivity (0)
Last Evaluated:
09/14/2018

Haploinsufficiency (HI) Score Details

HI Score:
3
HI Evidence Strength:
Sufficient Evidence for Haploinsufficiency (Disclaimer)
HI Disease:
HI Evidence:
  • PUBMED: 2813406
    Shapiro et al. (1989) describe an individual with X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) and a 40 kb deletion involving exons 2-5 of STS.
  • PUBMED: 10692123
    Valdes-Flores et al. (2000) describe an XLI patient with a deletion of exons 2-10 in STS.
  • PUBMED: 9252398
    Alperin and Shapiro (1997) discuss six point mutations identified in STS, including one frameshift resulting in premature truncation. In vitro functional expression studies showed that all 6 mutants lacked STS enzymatic activity.
HI Evidence Comments:
Loss of function mutations in STS are most commonly associated with X-linked ichthyosis, or steroid sulfatase deficiency, a condition most often seen in males. It is estimated that ~85% of STS deficiency is caused by whole STS gene deletions (OMIM #300747). Affected females have been reported; these individuals were presumed (though not proven) to be homozygous (Csorsz 1928, see OMIM #308100). Mild abnormalities have been reported in heterozygous females, including corneal opacities (PMID: 5303230) and mild skin findings (PMID: 5307231). Individuals with deletions including genes other than STS may show features of a contiguous gene syndrome. Phenotype would vary according to which additional genes were deleted. Recent evidence has suggested that individuals with X-linked ichthyosis may be at increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, communication deficits, and/or autism (PMID: 18413370). See this article and subsequent articles for additional information. Of note, individuals identified with an autism phenotype had larger deletions that included the NLGN4 gene. For a review of evidence relating to dosage sensitivity of the recurrent Xp22.31 region that includes STS, please see the linked region in this review.
NOTE:

The loss-of-function and triplosensitivity ratings for genes on the X chromosome are made in the context of a male genome to account for the effects of hemizygous duplications or nullizygous deletions. In contrast, disruption of some genes on the X chromosome causes male lethality and the ratings of dosage sensitivity instead take into account the phenotype in female individuals. Factors that may affect the severity of phenotypes associated with X-linked disorders include the presence of variable copies of the X chromosome (i.e. 47,XXY or 45,X) and skewed X-inactivation in females.

Triplosensitivity (TS) Score Details

TS Score:
0
TS Evidence Strength:
No Evidence for Triplosensitivity (Disclaimer)
TS Evidence Comments:
The evidence presented within this entry concerns focal duplications, involving the STS gene alone. Li et al. (PMID: 20132918) report one case of a female with a duplication encompassing only the STS gene amongst a larger case set of 29 individuals with Xp22.31 duplications. The phenotype of this particular case (case 29) is not individually defined; rather, the phenotype of the entire cohort is reported in aggregate. Therefore, since we do not have phenotypic information about this case, we did not count this case as evidence. The authors also report an instance of an STS gene duplication within their control dataset. For a review of evidence relating to dosage sensitivity of the recurrent Xp22.31 region that includes STS, please see the linked region in this review.
NOTE:

The loss-of-function and triplosensitivity ratings for genes on the X chromosome are made in the context of a male genome to account for the effects of hemizygous duplications or nullizygous deletions. In contrast, disruption of some genes on the X chromosome causes male lethality and the ratings of dosage sensitivity instead take into account the phenotype in female individuals. Factors that may affect the severity of phenotypes associated with X-linked disorders include the presence of variable copies of the X chromosome (i.e. 47,XXY or 45,X) and skewed X-inactivation in females.

Genomic View

Select assembly: (NC_000023.10) (NC_000023.11)